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If 2024 was the year of elections across the globe, then 2025 is poised to be the year that we seek to understand the consequences and changes in policies derived from that massive slate of citizens voting and ushering in new governments.

We have oriented our 2025 Outlook around the consequences of last year’s elections while further contemplating: 

• The role of China
• COP 30 in Brazil
• The Trump administration
• Trade dynamics, particularly USMCA and EU-Mercosur 
• The resilience of hydrocarbons 
• Progress toward a global carbon market 
• The role of State-Owned Enterprises 

Each of our Non-Resident Fellows has penned a contribution that sets forth the outlook from their respective home countries, or in some cases, a more specific topical essay. Additionally, Riyad Insanally, former Guyanese ambassador to the United States authored an essay. 

We are also pleased to include contributions from graduate students as part of our Future Energy Leaders Initiative (FELI): Emily Cary from the University of San Diego and Katrina Haidari from the University of California San Diego.

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